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Rosacea is a common condition characterized by persistent redness of the cheeks, nose, and less commonly the brows and chin. Prominent blood vessels, flushing, pimple-like bumps and pustules may be present. It is most common in women in their 30s and 40s, but frequently occurs in men as well.
The cause of rosacea is unknown. Chronic sun exposure worsens the condition. Other potential triggers may include:
- Heat/Cold
- Stress
- Spicy foods
- Hot drinks
- Exercise
- Alcohol
- Caffeine withdrawal
- Certain medications
Four primary forms of rosacea exist. They include:
- Erythematotelangiectatic: Prominent features are redness, visible blood vessels and flushing, easily irritated and sensitive skin.
- Papulopustular: Acne-like eruption and redness of the central face.
- Glandular: Common in men with thick, sebaceous skin. Nodules and cysts may develop. The nose and chin are favored sites. Soft tissue overgrowth can be significant, resulting in a bulbous and rough-appearing nose.
- Ocular: Redness and inflammation of the eyes with burning, stinging and light sensitivity. Severe forms can cause serious visual problems.
Treatment recommendations are usually based on the subtype of rosacea that is diagnosed, and include:
Topical agents:
- Antibiotics
- Azelaic acid
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Tacrolimus
- Tretinoin
Oral medications:
Other interventions:
- Vascular laser
- Intense pulsed light
- Surgery (for severe glandular forms of rosacea)
Consistent, daily use of sunscreens are an important component to the management of all forms of rosacea. For patients with particularly sensitive skin, sunscreens containing the physical blocking agents titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are better tolerated than chemical sunscreen components. Green-tinted foundation can be used to camouflage the red appearance of rosacea. Currently, laser and light treatments represent the only modalities that can permanently eliminate the dilated blood vessels of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea.
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